GEORGE NEWS - Summer in the Garden Route offers endless opportunities to enjoy the outdoors, but the same sunshine that makes the region such an attractive holiday destination also carries health risks.
Whether hiking through forests, swimming at the beach, paddling on a lagoon or relaxing beside the pool, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause sunburn, premature skin ageing, eye damage and an increased risk of skin cancer.
South Africa experiences high levels of UV radiation, particularly during summer, making sun protection essential for everyone.
Skin cancer: Know the risks
Skin cancer is a significant health concern in South Africa. According to the Cancer Association of South Africa (Cansa), figures from the 2024 National Cancer Registry indicate that the estimated lifetime risk of melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, is one in 177 for men and one in 296 for women.
Children and teenagers are particularly vulnerable to the long-term effects of sun damage. Cansa warns that just one blistering sunburn during childhood or adolescence can more than double the risk of developing melanoma later in life.
Although people with fair skin generally face a higher risk of sunburn and UV-related skin cancer, those with brown and darker skin tones are not immune.
Melanin provides some natural protection, but skin cancer can affect anyone, regardless of complexion. In people with darker skin, certain melanomas may develop on the palms, soles of the feet, or beneath the nails, making regular skin checks particularly important.
Sunscreen is only the beginning
Much of the damage caused by excessive sun exposure is preventable, and developing sun-smart habits from a young age can make a lasting difference.
Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30, preferably SPF 50, for extended outdoor activities. Apply generously before heading outdoors and reapply at least every two hours, particularly after swimming, sweating or towel-drying.
Remember easily forgotten areas such as the ears, back of the neck, tops of the feet and lips.
A wide-brimmed hat, UV-protective sunglasses and lightweight, tightly woven clothing provide additional protection. Seek shade where possible, particularly between 10:00 and 16:00.
Cloudy weather can be deceptive, as harmful UV rays can penetrate cloud cover.
Take precautions outdoors
Hiking, cycling and water activities can mean hours of direct sunlight, often without realising the extent of exposure.
Start hikes early, choose shaded routes where possible and check weather conditions before setting out. Carry enough drinking water and plan routes according to the fitness and experience of everyone in your group.
Swimming, kayaking, surfing and stand-up paddling require extra precautions. Water reflects UV radiation, while cool breezes and frequent swimming can disguise the effects of sun exposure.
Long-sleeved rash vests and UV-protective swimwear are particularly useful. Encourage children to take regular breaks in the shade, even when playing in shallow water.
Stay hydrated
Dehydration can develop quickly in hot weather, especially during strenuous activities.
Drink water regularly rather than waiting until you feel thirsty. Requirements vary according to age, activity level and temperature.
Warning signs include headaches, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth and dark-coloured urine.
Limit alcohol consumption during prolonged outdoor activities, as it can contribute to dehydration.
Heat exhaustion can cause heavy sweating, weakness, nausea and dizziness. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should stop exercising, move somewhere cool and begin cooling down.
Confusion, collapse or an extremely high body temperature may indicate heatstroke, which requires emergency medical attention.
Check your skin
Early detection is important. Check regularly for new or changing moles, unusual growths, and sores that do not heal.
The ABCDE rule can help identify suspicious moles:
- A - Asymmetry: One half differs from the other
- B - Border: Irregular or uneven edges
- C - Colour: Different shades or changes in colour
- D - Diameter: Larger than approximately 6mm, although melanomas can be smaller
- E - Evolving: Changes in size, shape, colour or appearance.
Consult a healthcare professional if you notice anything suspicious.
Protecting your skin does not mean sacrificing summer fun. Keeping sunscreen, hats and water handy and encouraging children to adopt sun-smart habits can help ensure that holiday memories are made without the painful consequences of sunburn.
Be sun smart this summer. Photo for illustration: Unsplash
Sources
- Cancer Association of South Africa (Cansa): SunSmart awareness, skin cancer prevention, childhood sunburn risks and early detection. www.cansa.org.za
- National Cancer Registry (NCR): South African melanoma statistics for 2024, as reported by Cansa
- World Health Organisation (WHO): Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, sun exposure, skin cancer risks and protective measures. www.who.int
- Western Cape Department of Health and Wellness: Skin cancer awareness, screening and early detection. www.westerncape.gov.za
Compiled by Marguerite van Ginkel
‘We bring you the latest Garden Route, Hessequa, Karoo news’
